New Delhi, 25 March 2021: Rivers in the country are polluted and contaminated mainly due to discharge of untreated and partially treated sewage from cities/ towns and industrial effluents in their respective catchments. Non-point sources of pollution like agricultural runoff, open defecation, runoff from solid waste dump sites, etc. also contribute to pollution of rivers.
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)/Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) is regularly monitoring the water quality of rivers & other water bodies in the country through a network of monitoring stations. As per CPCB report of September 2018, 351 polluted river stretches have been identified on 323 rivers based on monitoring results in terms of Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels, an indicator of organic pollution. State-wise details of polluted river stretches are given below.
As per another report published by CPCB in March 2015, sewage generation from urban areas in the country is estimated at 61,948 million litres per day (mld), against which available sewage treatment capacity was 23,277 mld.
For strengthening the monitoring mechanism and effective compliance through self-regulatory mechanism, CPCB has directed all 17 categories of highly polluting industries; including sugar industries, to install Continuous Effluent/ Emission Monitoring Systems (OCEMS) for keeping a constant vigil on pollution levels. CPCB started inspection of the 17 categories of highly polluting industries from 2016-17 onwards based on the computer generated short message service (SMS) alerts owing to violation of effluent and emission standards recorded in OCEMS installed in these industries.
CPCB has informed that 27 sugar industries have been inspected from October, 2016 till January, 2021 under this initiative, and 13 industries were found non-complying during inspection. Show-cause notices to 3 industries and closure directions to 9 industries were, therefore, issued as per Section 5 of Environment Protection Act, 1986. For the remaining one industry, directions were issued to Maharashtra SPCB under Section 18(1)(b) of the Water Act, 1974 and Air Act, 1981. Out of these 13 sugar industries found non-complying during inspection, 8 industries are found complying as on date, and directions are, therefore, still in force for the remaining 5 industries.
CPCB has identified 2968 grossly polluting industries (GPIs) in the country. Out of these, 2318 industries are operational and 650 industries have closed down on their own. Out of the 2318 operational industries, 2190 industries are complying with prescribed environmental standards, whereas 128 are non-complying. Accordingly, show-cause notices have been issued to 56 non-complying industries, closure directions have been issued to 55 industries and legal cases have been filed against 2 industries. State-wise status of GPI units in the country is given below
State / UTs wise Polluted River Stretches of Surface Water
| S.No. | Name Of State | Name Of Polluted River Stretches | Number | |
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | Kundu, Tungabhadra, Godavari, Krishna, Nagavali | 5 | |
| 2 | Assam | Bharalu, Borsola, Deepar Bill, Digboi, Kamalpur, PanchnaiBrahamputra, Kharsang, Pagldia, Barak, Baroi Bega, Beki, Bhogdoi, Boginadi, Borbeel, BordoibamBeelmukh, Burhidihing, Dhansiri, Dikhow, Dikrong, Diplai, Disang, Gabharu, Holudunga, Jai Bharali, Jhanji, Kalong, Kapili, Killing, Kohora, Kulsi, Malini, Mora Bharali, Parashali, Puthimari, Ranga, Samaguri, Sankosh, Silsako, Sorusola, Son, Sonai, TengaPukhuri | 44 | |
| 3 | Bihar | Sirsia, Farmar, Ganga, Poonpun, Ram Rekha, Sikrahna | 6 | |
| 4 | Chhattisgarh | Hasdeo, Kharoon, Mahanadi, Seonath, Kelo | 5 | |
| 5 | Daman, Diu and Dadra Nagar Haveli | Damanganga | 1 | |
| 6 | Delhi | Yamuna, | 1 | |
| 7 | Goa | Sal, Mandovi, Talpona, Assonora, Bicholim, Chapora, Khandepar, Sinquerim, Tiracol, Valvant, Zuari | 11 | |
| 8 | Gujarat | Amlakhadi, Bhadar, Bhogavo, Khari, Sabarmati, Vishwamitri, Dhadar, Triveni, Amravati (Tributary Of Narmada), Damanganga, Kolak, Mahi, Shedhi, Tapi, Anas, BalehwarKhadi, Kim, Meshwa, Mindhola, Narmada | 20 | |
| 9 | Haryana | Ghaggar, Yamuna | 2 | |
| 10 | Himachal Pradesh | Sukhana, Markanda, Sirsa, Ashwani, Beas, Giri, Pabbar | 7 | |
| 11 | Jammu & Kashmir | Devika, Banganga, ChuntKol, Gawkadal, Tawi, Basanter, Chenab, Jhelam, Sindh | 9 | |
| 12 | Jharkhand | Garga, Sankh, Subarnarekha, Damodar, Jumar, Konar, Nalkari | 7 | |
| 13 | Karnataka | Arkavathi, Lakshmantirtha, Malprbha, Tungabhadra, Bhadra, Cauvery, Kabini, Kagina, Kali, Krishna, Shimsha, AsangiNalla, Bhima, Kumardhara, Netravathi, Tunga, Yagachi | 17 | |
| 14 | Kerala | Karamana, Bharathapuzha, Kadambayar, Keecheri, Manimala, Pamba, Bhavani, Chitrapuzha, Kadalundy, Kallai, Karuvannur, Kavvai, Kuppam, Kuttiyady, Mogral, Periyar, Peruvamba, Puzhackal, Ramapuram, Thirur, Uppala | 21
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| 15 | Madhya Pradesh | Chambal, Khan, Kshipra, Betwa, Sone, Gohad, Kolar, Tapi, Bichia, Chamla, Choupan, Kalisot, Kanhan, Katni, Kunda, Malei, Mandakini (Mp), Newaj, Parvati, Simrar, Tons, Wainganga | 22 | |
| 16 | Maharashtra | Godavari, Kalu, Kundalika, Mithi, Morna, Mula, Mutha, Nira, Vel, Bhima, Indrayani, Mula-Mutha, Pawana, Wainganga, Wardha, Ghod, Kanhan, Kolar (Mah), Krishna, Mor, Patalganga, Pedhi, Penganga, Purna, Tapi, Urmodi, Venna, Waghur, Wena, Bindusar, Bori, Chandrabhaga, Darna, Girna, Hiwara, Koyna, Pehlar, Sina, Titur, Amba, Bhatsa, Gomai, Kan, Manjeera, Panchganga, Panzara, Rangavali, Savitri, Surya, Tansa, Ulhas, Vaitarna, Vashisti | 53 | |
| Contd… | ||||
| 17 | Manipur | Nambul, Imphal, Iril, Khuga, Khujairok, Lokchao, Manipur, Thoubal, Wangjing | 9 | |
| 18 | Meghalaya | Umkhrah, Umshyrpi, Kyrhukhla, Nonbah, Umtrew, Lukha, Myntdu | 7 | |
| 19 | Mizoram | Tiau, Tlawng, Tuipui, Tuivawl, Chite, Mat, Saikah, Tuikual, Tuirial | 9 | |
| 20 | Nagaland | Dhansiri, Dzuna, Chathe, Dzu, Dzucha, Sano | 6 | |
| 21 | Odisha | Gangua, GuradihNallah, Kathajodi, Nandirajhor, Daya, Kuakhai, BanguruNallah, Bheden, Brahamani, Budhabalnaga, Kusumi, Mahanadi, Mangala, Nagavalli, Nuna, Ratnachira, Rushikulya, Sabulia, Serua | 19 | |
| 22 | Puducherry | Arasalar, Chunnambar | 2 | |
| 23 | Punjab | Ghaggar, Satluj, Kali Bein, Beas | 4 | |
| 24 | Rajasthan | Banas, Chambal, | 2 | |
| 25 | Sikkim | ManeyKhola, Rangit, Ranichu, Teesta | 4 | |
| 26 | Tamil Nadu | Cauvery, Sarabanga, ThirumanimUthar, Vasista, Bhavani, Tambirapani | 6 | |
| 27 | Telangana | Musi, Manjeera, Nakkavagu, Karakavagu, Maner, Godavari, Kinnersani, Krishna | 8 | |
| 28 | Tripura | Burigaon, Gumti, Haora, Juri, Khowai, Manu | 6 | |
| 29 | Uttar Pradesh | Hindon, Kalinadi, Varuna, Yamuna, Gomti, Ganga, Ramganga, Betwa, Ghaghara, Rapti, Sai, Saryu | 12 | |
| 30 | Uttarakhand | Bhela, Dhela, Suswa, Kichha, Kalyani, Ganga, Kosi, Nandour, Pilkhar | 9 | |
| 31 | West Bengal | Vindhadhari, Mahananda, Churni, Dwarka, Ganga, Damodar, Jalangi, Kansi, Mathabhanga, Barakar, Dwarakeshwar, Kaljani, Karola, Mayurkashi, Rupnarayan, Silabati, Teesta | 17 | |
| Grand Total : | 351 | |||
| Status of Grossly Polluting Industries (GPIs) | ||||||||||
| Sl. No. | SPCB/PCC | Total no. of industries | No. of industries closed by their own | No. of industries operational | No. of industries complying with environmental standards | No. of industries non-complying with environmental standards | No. of industries against which action is taken for non-complying with environmental standards | |||
| Show cause notice issued | Closure directions issued | Legal cases filed | Action under process | |||||||
| 1 | Andaman & Nicobar | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | Andhra Pradesh | 198 | 5 | 193 | 189 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | Arunachal Pradesh | 97 | 8 | 89 | 63 | 26 | 3 | 23 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | Assam | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | Bihar | 84 | 34 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | Chandigarh | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7 | Chhattisgarh | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | Daman & Diu | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 9 | Delhi | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | Goa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 11 | Gujarat | 22 | 4 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 12 | Haryana | 627 | 27 | 600 | 594 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 13 | Himachal Pradesh | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 14 | Jammu and Kashmir | 69 | 0 | 69 | 66 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Jharkhand | 45 | 6 | 39 | 5 | 34 | 14 | 10 | 2 | 8 |
| 16 | Karnataka | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 17 | Kerala | 29 | 1 | 28 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 18 | Lakshadweep | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 19 | Madhya Pradesh | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 20 | Maharashtra | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 21 | Manipur | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 22 | Meghalaya | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 23 | Mizoram | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 24 | Nagaland | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 25 | Odisha | 6 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 26 | Puducherry | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 27 | Punjab | 5 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 28 | Rajasthan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 29 | Sikkim | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 30 | Tamil Nadu | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 31 | Telangana | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 32 | Tripura | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 33 | Uttar Pradesh | 1648 | 560 | 1088 | 1047 | 41 | 22 | 13 | 0 | 6 |
| 34 | Uttarakhand | 64 | 0 | 64 | 60 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 35 | West Bengal | 48 | 3 | 45 | 41 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 2968 | 650 | 2318 | 2190 | 128 | 56 | 55 | 2 | 15 | |
This information was given by the Minister of State for Jal Shakti & Social Justice and Empowerment Shri Rattan Lal Kataria in Lok Sabha today.